As evidenced by the title, the subject is Napoleon, and the content is Ingres’s representation of Napoleon as “Emperor-God beyond time and space”. Similarly to extreme formalism, philosophers typically reject extreme intentionalism, because art may have multiple ambiguous meanings and authorial intent may be unknowable and thus irrelevant. Its restrictive interpretation is “socially unhealthy, philosophically unreal, and politically unwise”. The nature of art and related concepts, such as creativity and interpretation, are explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics. The resulting artworks are studied in the professional fields of art criticism and the history of art.
Reproductive methods …